For each lab, you are expected to have read the lab manual and know the procedures. You had answered the questions associated with each lab, and made any necessary corrections during discussion at the end of the lab, so be familiar with those questions.

Some of the main concepts for each lab are listed below.

• Measuring Environmental Impact: ecological footprint, CO₂ emissions
  
  
• Ecosystems: trophic levels, energy and nutrient flows
  
  
• Nutrient Pollution: producer and consumer respnoses to nutrients
  
  
• Survival of the Fitter: predator-prey adaptations
  
  
• Thermal Pollution: relationships between temperature, oxygen, and respiration; thermal pollution
  
  
• Viewpoint/Counter Viewpoint: hydroelectric dams, organic foods, urban living, clean coal